Running independent loops simultaneously with sound and visual stimuli

Coding
8

Your code is missing the parentheses required to get the sound to play - i.e. you have one_tone.play rather than one_tone.play().

That should be OK - the key thing is that the loop iterates continuously, rather than using the core.wait functionality to interrupt execution. This requires the code to be written in a bit of a different way, but should be possible.

For example, say you wanted your tones to be playing every three seconds while you are collecting the reaction time for an orientation detection task (stimuli presented in random order) and also collecting mouse clicks for a secondary task (I agree with @daniel.riggs1 that a more precise specification of your requirements would be helpful). Something like the below should let you do that:

import random

import numpy as np

import psychopy.visual
import psychopy.sound
import psychopy.event
import psychopy.core

win = psychopy.visual.Window(size=[400, 400], units="pix", fullscr=False)

sound_playing = False
sound_duration = 0.2
sound_iti = 3.0

tone = psychopy.sound.Sound(secs=sound_duration)

stim_oris = [0, 45, 90, 135]

n_stim = len(stim_oris)

stims = [
    psychopy.visual.GratingStim(
        win=win,
        size=[200, 200],
        sf=5.0 / 200.0,
        ori=stim_ori
    )
    for stim_ori in stim_oris
]

random.shuffle(stims)

stim_drawn = [False] * n_stim

mouse = psychopy.event.Mouse()

clock = psychopy.core.Clock()
trial_clock = psychopy.core.Clock()
   
i_trial = 0

while i_trial < n_stim:

    # start playing if it is within the initial period, and isn't already playing
    if np.mod(clock.getTime(), sound_iti) < sound_duration:
        if (not sound_playing):
            tone.play()
            sound_playing = True
    else:
        sound_playing = False

    # handle stimulus etc. for current trial
    if not stim_drawn[i_trial]:
        stims[i_trial].draw()
        win.flip()
        trial_clock.reset()
        stim_drawn[i_trial] = True

    # check and handle keyboard and mouse  
    keys = psychopy.event.getKeys(timeStamped=trial_clock)

    if keys:        
        for (key, key_rt) in keys:
            print "Pressed {k:s} with RT {rt:.3f}".format(k=key, rt=key_rt)
        
        i_trial += 1

    if any(mouse.getPressed()):
        print "Mouse click registered"

win.close()